Review Article

Molecular Development of Placenta and Its Relationship with Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction

I Wayan Artana Putra
Sanglah General Hospital, Indonesia
* Corresponding author
DOI icon 10.24018/ejmed.2022.4.4.1361

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Submitted 2022-05-10
Published 2022-08-31

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Table of Contents

Article Main Content

Preeclampsia (PE) is the leading causes of maternal death worldwide as well as a significant cause of fetal morbidity and mortality, including fetal growth restriction (FGR). The concept that PE and FGR shared a common etiology is widely accepted, i.e., the maladaptive response to the impaired placentation. Normal placentation is the result of dynamic integration of cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, in which trophoblast cells play a crucial role. Impaired trophoblast invasion into the maternal decidua leads to a decrease in uteroplacental blood flow and changes in intervillous hemodynamic. The dynamic interaction of these process with maladaptive decidual immune response, impaired cytokines and angiogenic factors regulation, and oxidative stress will lead into the clinical manifestation of PE and/or FGR.

Keywords: Fetal growth restriction, placental development, preeclampsia

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