##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) targets the body's defense system and leads to a decrease in CD4 T-cells in lymphoid tissues associated with intestinal mucosa, leading to an imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract. This study was performed to determine the intestinal parasites infestation among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in peri-urban area in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Methods: A retro-prospective, prospective, and descriptive study was carried out from January-March 2017 to the Care Unit of the Nkolondom II Catholic Medical Center in Yaoundé on 96 PLHIV after providing informed consent. On each stool sample collected, intestinal parasites testing was performed by using direct examination with physiological saline and Lugol's iodine, Ritchie's technique (formol/ether, 10%) and by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 17 software, with all P <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 52.08% (50/96) were infested with various parasites: Cryptosporidium parvum (72.88%), Cyclospora cayetanensis (10.17%), Entamoeba histolytica (8.47%), Entamoeba coli (5.08%), Ascaris lumbricoїdes (1.70%) and Giardia lamblia (1.70%). Parasite’s prevalence was more observed in women (74.00%; 37/50) compared with men (26.00% [13/50]). Depending on immunity, immuno-compromised patients (CD4 count ≤500 cells/mm3) were more infested (82.00%; 41/50) versus (vs) 18.00% (9/50), OR: 1.60 (95%CI: 0.60-4.60).

Conclusion: Intestinal parasites infestation is reported to be high among people under ART in Cameroon's Yaoundé locality, with Cryptosporidium parvum being the predominant circulating species in this locality.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Global health estimates 2015: deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
     Google Scholar
  2. F. Veas, J.P. Rey, (1991). Infection à VIH et parasitoses en zone tropicale. Cahiers Santé 1: 189–201.
     Google Scholar
  3. World Health Organization (WHO). Prevention and Control of Intestinal parasitic Infections. WHO Technical Report.749: 1-86. 1987.
     Google Scholar
  4. WHO, World Health Organization. Control of Tropical Diseases. WHO, Geneva. 1998.
     Google Scholar
  5. UNAIDS/ WHO HIV Epidemic Update. Geneva. UNAIDS, 2002.
     Google Scholar
  6. E. Chacon-Cruz, (2003). Intestinal Protozoal Diseases. eMedicine J. 3(5): sec. 1-11.
     Google Scholar
  7. R.A. Giannella, (1993). Gastroenterology Clinics of North America: Acute Infectious Diarrhoea. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 22 (3):483622.
     Google Scholar
  8. B. Fisseha, B. Petros, T. Woldemichael, H. Mohammed, (1999). Diarrhoea-associated Parasitic Infectious Agents in AIDS Patients within Selected Addis Ababa Hospitals. Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 13(3): 169-173.
     Google Scholar
  9. A. Konaté, D. Minta, M. Diarra, A. Dolo, M. Dembele, B. Diarra, M.Y. Maiga, H.A. Traore, & O. Doumbo, (2005). Parasitoses digestives au cours de la diarrhée du sida. Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 98, 1, 33-35. [PubMed].
     Google Scholar
  10. I.M. Ekejindu, P.U Ele, S.O. Okonkwo, O.C. Ezenwagu, D.A Ezeagwuna, (2010). Intestinal parasitic infection among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative individuals at Nnewi, South Eastern Nigeria. World Journal of Medical Sciences. 5:71–73.
     Google Scholar
  11. Z.M. Vouking, P. Enoka, C.V. Tamo, and N.C. Tadenfok, (2014). Prevalence of intestinal parasites among HIV patients at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J. 18: 136. Published online 2014 Jun 11. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2014.18.136.3052.
     Google Scholar
  12. C.N. Nkenfou, C.T. Nana, V.K. Payne, (2013). Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV infected and non-infected patients in a low HIV prevalence region, West-Cameroon. PLoS One 2013;8 (2):e57914. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057914. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef].
     Google Scholar
  13. C. Sarfati, A. Bourgeois, J. Menotti, F. Liegeois, R. Moyou-Somo, E. Delaporte, F. Derouin, E.M. Ngole, J.M. Molina, (2006). Prevalence of intestinal parasites including microsporidia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in Cameroon: A cross-sectional study. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Jan; 74(1):162-164. [PubMed].
     Google Scholar
  14. L.G. Lehman, L. Kangam, E. Nguepi, M.L. Mbenoun, and C.F. Bilong Bilong, (2012). Study of intestinal parasitic infections associated with HIV infection in Douala, Cameroon. Retrovirology. 9 (Suppl 1): P48. 2012. Published online 2012 May 25. doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-S1-P48.
     Google Scholar
  15. Y. Alfonso, L. Monzonto, (2011). Inhibiteurs de la protéase du VIH : effets sur les parasites opportunistes du protozoaire. Open Med Chem. 2011; 5: 40-50. Pubmed Google Scholar.
     Google Scholar
  16. L. Chancin-Bonilla, A.P. Panunzio, F.M. Monsalve-Castillo, I.E. Parra-Cepeda, R.Martinez, (2006). Microsporidiose au Venezuela: prévalence de la microsporidiose intestinale contribution à la diarrhée chez un groupe de patients infectés par le VIH dans l’état de Zulia. Suis J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 mars; 74 (3): 482-6. Pubmed Google Scholar.
     Google Scholar
  17. S. Assefa, B. Erko, G. Medhin, Z. Assefa, T. Shimelis, (2009). Intestinal parasitic infections in relation to HIV/AIDS status, diarrhea and CD4 T-cell count. BMC Infect Dis. Sep 18; 9:155. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-155. [PMC free article] [PubMed].
     Google Scholar
  18. A. Ghimire, S. Bhandari, S. Tandukar, J. Amatya, D. BhandarI, J.B. Sherchand, (2016). Enteric parasitic infection among HIV infected patients visiting Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal. BMC Res Notes; 9:204-207.
     Google Scholar
  19. A. Alemu, Y. Shiferaw, G. Getnet, A. Yalew, Z. Addis, (2011). Opportunistic and other intestinal parasites among HIV/AIDS patients attending Gambi higher clinic in Bahir Dar city, North West Ethiopia. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Aug; 4(8):661-665.
     Google Scholar
  20. ONUSIDA. Rapport d’activité sur la riposte au SIDA dans le monde 2012 : Directives d’indicateurs de base pour le suivi de la déclaration politique sur le VIH/SIDA de 2011, Genève. (http://www.unaids.org/tn).
     Google Scholar
  21. A. Gassama, B. Thiaw, N.M. Dia, F. Fall, P. Camara, P. Hovette, J.L. Perret, A. Gueye-Ndiaye, S. Mboup, P.S. Sow, A. Aidara-Kane, (2001). Infective etiology of diarrhea in adults with HIV infection in Dakar: a case-control study on 594 patients. Dakar Med. 46(1):46–50. [PubMed].
     Google Scholar
  22. P. Paboriboune, N. Phoumindr, E. Borel, K. Sourinphoumy, S. Phaxayaseng, E. Luangkhot, (2014). Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV-infected patients, Lao People’s Democratic Republic. PLoS One; 9:e91452.
     Google Scholar


Most read articles by the same author(s)