##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

A sedentary lifestyle has become a perilous issue with severe health repercussions in the present era. Modern technology has significantly contributed to the sedentary lifestyle of many people, especially employees, with concomitant physical, physiological, and social health risks. Due to a lack of regular exercise, many people now struggle with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Therefore, this study examined the sedentary lifestyle, its contributing variables, and its various health consequences. People should actively engage in physical activity, adjust their dietary habits, and avoid health-harming behaviours. Understanding the association between sedentary behaviour and health outcomes and altering this behaviour are crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality rates. The detrimental health effects undeniably escalate as the total daily inactive time increases. The study suggests that workplaces and public spaces should be designed to encourage active and recreational activities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Owen N, Healy GN, Matthews CE, Dunstan DW. Too much sitting: the population health science of sedentary behavior. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2010; 38(3): 105-113.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  2. Ramanathan S, Rajagopal S, Krishnaveni K. A Review: Prevalence of Sedentary Lifestyle Changes among the Cardiac Disease Patients. International Journal of Current Medical and Applied Sciences. 2018; 18(3): 67–70.
     Google Scholar
  3. Salman D, Farooqi M, McGregor A, Majeed A. Time spent being sedentary: an emerging risk factor for poor health. British Journal of General Practice. 2019; 69(683).
     Google Scholar
  4. Franco G. Bernardino Ramazzini and women workers’ health in the second half of the XVIIth century. J Public Health. 2012; 34(2): 305-308.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  5. Furberg AS, Thune I. Metabolic abnormalities (hypertension, hyperglycemia and overweight), lifestyle (high energy intake and physical inactivity) and endometrial cancer risk in a Norwegian cohort. Int J Cancer. 2003; 104(6): 669-676.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  6. Healy GN, Wijndaele K, Dunstan DW, Shaw JE, Salmon J, Zimmet PZ, et al. Objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity, and metabolic risk: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Diabetes Care. 2008; 31(2): 369-371.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  7. Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012; 380(9838): 219-229.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  8. Chan YY, Lim KK, Lim KH, Teh CH, Kee CC, Cheong SM, et al. Physical activity and overweight/obesity among Malaysian adults: findings from the 2015 National Health and morbidity survey (NHMS). BMC Public Health. 2017; 17(1).
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  9. Ismail MN, Chee SS, Nawawi H, Yusoff K, Lim TO, James WPT. Obesity in Malaysia. Obesity Reviews. 2002; 3(3): 203-208.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  10. Kang M, Rowe DA. Issues and challenges in sedentary behavior measurement. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci. 2015; 00: 1-11.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  11. Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, Saunders TJ, Carson V, Latimer-Cheung AE, et al. Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) - Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2017; 14(1): 1-17.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  12. Powers PJ. Practice tips: How to intervene with overweight and obese patients. American Journal of Medicine. 2005; 118(9): 936-938.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  13. Pandya A, Lodha P. Social connectedness, excessive screen time during COVID-19 and mental health: A review of current evidence. Frontiers in Human Dynamics. 2021; 3: 45.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  14. Salmon J, Tremblay MS, Marshall SJ, Hume C. Health risks, correlates, and interventions to reduce sedentary behavior in young people. Am J Prev Med. 2011; 41(2): 197-206.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  15. O’Donoghue G, Kennedy A, Puggina A, Aleksovska K, Buck C, Burns C, et al. Socio-economic determinants of physical activity across the life course: A “Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity” (DEDIPAC) umbrella literature review. PLoS One. 2018; 13(1).
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  16. Falese L, Federico B, Kunst AE, Perelman J, Richter M, Rimpelä A, et al. The association between socioeconomic position and vigorous physical activity among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in six European cities. BMC Public Health. 2021; 21(1): 1-7.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  17. Palma A, Assis M. Rich and physically active: Where are we talking from? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011; 21(1): 151-152.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  18. Salman D, Farooqi M, McGregor A, Majeed A. Time spent being sedentary: an emerging risk factor for poor health. British Journal of General Practice. 2019; 69(683): 278-279.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  19. Ghosh S, Paul M, Mondal KK, Bhattacharjee S, Bhattacharjee P. Is Sedentary Lifestyle Increasing the Risk of Obesity in Urban Adult Academic Professionals? An Epidemiological Study in West Bengal, India. 2022.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  20. Suherman A, Sultoni K, Zaky M. Physical activity and sedentary behavior in university student during online learning: the effect of COVID-19 pandemic. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2021; 17(SUPP14): 2636-9346.
     Google Scholar
  21. Meyer J, McDowell C, Lansing J, Brower C, Smith L, Tully M, et al. Changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior in response to COVID-19 and their associations with mental health in 3052 US Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(18): 1-13.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  22. Gallè F, Sabella EA, Ferracuti S, de Giglio O, Caggiano G, Protano C, et al. Sedentary behaviors and physical activity of italian undergraduate students during lockdown at the time of COVID−19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(17): 1-11.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  23. Lorenzo E, Szeszulski J, Todd M, Mama SK, Lee RE. Health Is Power: Active transportation, physical activity, and cardiometabolic health among ethnic minority women. J Phys Act Health. 2020; 17(3): 323.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  24. Norwood P, Eberth B, Farrar S, Anable J, Ludbrook A. Active travel intervention and physical activity behaviour: An evaluation. Soc Sci Med. 2014; 113: 50-58.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  25. Church TS, Thomas DM, Tudor-Locke C, Katzmarzyk PT, Earnest CP, Rodarte RQ, et al. Trends over 5 decades in U.S. occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity. PLoS One. 2011; 6(5).
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  26. Hendriksen IJM, Bernaards CM, Steijn WMP, Hildebrandt VH. Longitudinal relationship between sitting time on a working day and vitality, work performance, presenteeism, and sickness absence. J Occup Environ Med. 2016; 58(8): 784.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  27. Bennie JA, Pedisic Z, van Uffelen JGZ, Gale J, Banting LK, Vergeer I, et al. The descriptive epidemiology of total physical activity, muscle-strengthening exercises and sedentary behaviour among Australian adults - Results from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. BMC Public Health. 2016; 16(1): 1-13.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  28. Buckley JP, Hedge A, Yates T, Copeland RJ, Loosemore M, Hamer M, et al. The sedentary office: an expert statement on the growing case for change towards better health and productivity. Br J Sports Med. 2015; 49(21): 1357-1362.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  29. Clemes SA, Oêconnell SE, Edwardson CL. Office workers objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity during and outside working hours. J Occup Environ Med. 2014; 56(3): 298-303.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  30. Thorp AA, Healy GN, Winkler E, Clark BK, Gardiner PA, Owen N, et al. Prolonged sedentary time and physical activity in workplace and non-work contexts: A cross-sectional study of office, customer service and call centre employees. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2012; 9(1): 1-9.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  31. Bauman S, Toomey RB, Walker JL. Associations among bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide in high school students. J Adolesc. 2013; 36(2): 341-350.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  32. Grubic N. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2020; 66(5): 287.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  33. Bogdanis GC. Effects of physical activity and inactivity on muscle fatigue. Front Physiol. 2012; 3.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  34. Wickens CD, Gordon SE, Liu Yili, Lee John. An introduction to human factors engineering. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall; 2004.
     Google Scholar
  35. Deforche B, van Dyck D, Deliens T, de Bourdeaudhuij I. Changes in weight, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and dietary intake during the transition to higher education: A prospective study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2015; 12(1): 1-10.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  36. Krishnan V, Dinesh RD, Kavya P. Biochemical and molecular studies on subjects with sedentary lifestyle and type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Advanced Research. 2017; 5(6): 1371-1376.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  37. Hamilton MT, Hamilton DG, Zderic TW. Sedentary behavior as a mediator of Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes and Physical Activity. 2014; 60: 11-26.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  38. Wilmot EG, Edwardson CL, Achana FA, Davies MJ, Gorely T, Gray LJ, et al. Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2012; 55(11): 2895-2905.
     Google Scholar
  39. Tremblay MS. The Consequences of Sedentary Behaviors: Keeping interpretations anchored in evidence. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2018; 46(1): 4.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  40. Olander EK, Fletcher H, Williams S, Atkinson L, Turner A, French DP. What are the most effective techniques in changing obese individuals’ physical activity self-efficacy and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2013; 10: 29.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  41. Wilmot EG, Edwardson CL, Achana FA, Davies MJ, Gorely T, Gray LJ, et al. Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2012; 55(11): 2895-2905.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  42. Healy GN, Matthews CE, Dunstan DW, Winkler EAH, Owen N. Sedentary time and cardio-metabolic biomarkers in US adults: NHANES 2003–06. Eur Heart J. 2011; 32(5): 590-597.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  43. Park JH, Joh HK, Lee GS, Je SJ, Cho SH, Kim SJ, et al. Association between sedentary time and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults. Korean J Fam Med. 2018; 39(1): 29.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  44. Wullems JA, Verschueren SMP, Degens H, Morse CI, Onambélé GL. A review of the assessment and prevalence of sedentarism in older adults, its physiology/health impact and non-exercise mobility counter-measures. Biogerontology. 2016; 17(3): 547-565.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  45. Gray CL, Messer LC, Rappazzo KM, Jagai JS, Grabich SC, Lobdell DT. The association between physical inactivity and obesity is modified by five domains of environmental quality in U.S. adults: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2018; 13(8).
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  46. Young DR, Hivert MF, Alhassan S, Camhi SM, Ferguson JF, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Sedentary behavior and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016; 134(13): e262-e279.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  47. Shimbo D. Dietary and lifestyle factors in hypertension. Journal of Human Hypertension. 2016; 30(10): 571-572.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  48. Guedes NG, Lopes MV de O, Moreira RP, Cavalcante TF, de Araujo TL. Prevalence of Sedentary Lifestyle in Individuals with High Blood Pressure. International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications. 2010; 21(2): 50-56.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  49. Mailey EL, Dlugonski D, Hsu WW, Segar M. Goals matter: exercising for well-being but not health or appearance predicts future exercise among parents. J Phys Act Health. 2018; 15(11): 857-865.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  50. Austin LC, Fischhoff B. Injury prevention and risk communication: a mental models approach. Inj Prev. 2012; 18(2): 124-129.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar
  51. Anshel MH, Kang M, Brinthaupt TM. A values‐based approach for changing exercise and dietary habits: An action study. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2010; 8(4): 413-432.
    DOI  |   Google Scholar


Most read articles by the same author(s)